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Inversion (linguistics)
In linguistics, inversion is any of several grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their canonical order of appearance, that is, they invert. The most frequent type of inversion in English is subject–auxiliary inversion, where an auxiliary verb changes places with its subject; this often occurs in questions, such as ''Are you coming?'', where the subject ''you'' is switched with the auxiliary ''are''. In many other languages – especially those with freer word order than English – inversion can take place with a variety of verbs (not just auxiliaries) and with other syntactic categories as well.
When a layered constituency-based analysis of sentence structure is used, inversion often results in the discontinuity of a constituent, although this would not be the case with a flatter dependency-based analysis. In this regard inversion has consequences similar to those of shifting.
==Inversion in English==
In broad terms, one can distinguish between two major types of inversion in English that involve verbs: ''subject–auxiliary inversion'' and ''subject–verb inversion''.〔The use of terminology here, i.e. ''subject-auxiliary inversion'' and ''subject–verb inversion'', follows Greenbaum and Quirk (1990:410).〕 The difference between these two types resides with the nature of the verb involved, i.e. whether it is an auxiliary verb or a full verb.
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